📄 Category

allergy and immunology

20 papers

Allergy and immunology explores how our bodies recognize threats and defend against them, covering everything from seasonal sneezes to complex immune system disorders. This field sits at the intersection of how we react to harmless substances and how our defenses malfunction, affecting millions of people worldwide. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing better treatments and vaccines that keep us safe from both common irritants and serious diseases.

On Gist.Science, we bring you the very latest research directly from medRxiv, ensuring you never miss a breakthrough as it happens. We process every new preprint in this category as soon as it is posted, offering both accessible plain-language summaries and detailed technical breakdowns. This dual approach allows researchers, clinicians, and curious readers to grasp the core findings without getting lost in dense jargon while still having access to the full scientific rigor.

Below are the latest papers in allergy and immunology, updated daily with fresh insights from the global scientific community.

📄 allergy and immunology

First-week expansion of activated peripheral B-cell subsets is associated with grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events after nivolumab plus ipilimumab

This prospective study demonstrates that the expansion of activated peripheral B-cell subsets within the first week of nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment is significantly associated with the subsequent development of severe (grade 3 or higher) immune-related adverse events, suggesting early B-cell monitoring as a potential biomarker for risk stratification.

takakura, h., Funakoshi, Y., Koyama, T., Sasaki, T., Fukuda, E., Lee, J. M., Kurata, K., Inui, Y., Yakushijin, K., Kimba (…)2026-09-14
📄 allergy and immunology

Aspergillus and Candida in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies in USIDNET

A study utilizing the USIDNET registry reveals that while *Candida* and *Aspergillus* infections are traditionally linked to specific myeloid or T-cell disorders, they actually occur across a broad spectrum of inborn errors of immunity, suggesting that diagnostic testing for these conditions should be expanded when such fungal infections are present.

Starkey, S. Y., USIDNET Consortium,, Sullivan, K. E.2026-09-12
📄 allergy and immunology

Clinical Spectrum, Treatments and Outcomes of VEXAS Syndrome: A Multicenter Belgian Cohort

This retrospective study of a multicenter Belgian cohort of 21 male patients characterizes VEXAS syndrome as a clinically heterogeneous late-onset autoinflammatory disease with frequent hematologic and systemic manifestations, substantial infectious morbidity and mortality, and variable responses to second-line targeted therapies like anti-IL-6 agents and JAK inhibitors.

Funaro, L., Naesens, L., Betrains, A., Vokaer, B., Couturier, B., Malaise, O., Vertenoeil, G., Lambert, F., Lattenist, R (…)2026-08-31
📄 allergy and immunology

Association between anaemia, micronutrient status, and pneumococcal vaccine responses in young Kenyan children

This study of 670 Kenyan children across three vaccine trials found that pre-vaccination vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia were associated with reduced pneumococcal vaccine immunogenicity, suggesting that optimizing nutritional status could improve vaccine responses in populations with common micronutrient deficiencies.

Abuga, K. M., Karanja, H. K., Gallagher, K., Walusimbi, B., Mugure, B. W., Koli, C. K., Masinde, B., Etyang, T., Karani (…)2026-07-06
📄 allergy and immunology

Cytokine and endothelial injury signatures associated with severe dengue: a systematic review and meta-analysis integrating viral burden and host-response markers

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 79 studies synthesizes evidence that severe dengue arises from an integrated pathogen-host injury syndrome involving viral burden, cytokine amplification, and endothelial dysfunction, concluding that while combined biomarker panels show high predictive potential, they require further prospective external validation before routine clinical deployment.

Asaga, P. M., Kroeger, A. A., Kadukkatti, V., Arsha, L., Airiohuodion, P.2026-07-01
📄 allergy and immunology

Predictive Autoantibodies Before the Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes in Adults

This study demonstrates that adult-onset type 1 diabetes is frequently preceded by a progressive, multi-decade emergence of islet autoantibodies, with 85% of patients showing seropositivity years before clinical diagnosis, thereby highlighting a significant window for early risk stratification and preventive intervention.

Burbelo, P. D., Nee, R., Huapaya, J., Plasse, R., Kim, M., Gordon, S., Di Pasquale, G., Chiorini, J. A., Olson, S.2026-06-26
📄 allergy and immunology

Determinants of total and inhaled allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in the middle-aged and elderly population

This study of the Rotterdam Study cohort identifies age, sex, smoking status, BMI, season, and corticosteroid use as key determinants of total and inhaled allergen-specific IgE levels in middle-aged and elderly adults, suggesting that accounting for these factors can improve the clinical interpretation of IgE for allergic conditions.

Al Fatly, M., Leonard, S., van Daele, P., Helleman, G., Tobari-Azandeh, E., Lahousse, L., Veenbergen, S., Chaker, L.2026-05-17
📄 allergy and immunology

Standardised Human Phenotype Ontology Annotation Enables High Quality Phenotypic Data Capture in a Real-World Common Variable Immunodeficiency Cohort

This study demonstrates that implementing a standardized Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) framework with clinician training enables high-quality, granular phenotypic data capture in a large UK CVID cohort, successfully linking specific immune profiles and genetic variants to distinct clinical subgroups to advance genotype-phenotype understanding and therapeutic strategies.

Campos, L. C., Favreau, E., Greene, D., Blach, J., Thomas, M., Alsehaim, K., Mutlu, L., Elhadari, S., Herwadkar, A., Pay (…)2026-04-29
📄 allergy and immunology

A Genetically Driven Immunologic Mechanism Underlying the Link between EBV and Multiple Sclerosis

This study establishes a genetically driven immunologic mechanism linking Epstein-Barr virus to multiple sclerosis by identifying shared genetic risk loci and demonstrating that EBV-infected memory B cells alter differentiation and upregulate cytokines and risk genes to modulate T cell activation.

Yasumizu, Y., Kim, N., Rivier, C. A., Moon, J., Kojima, S., Chen, H.-L., Buitrago-Pocasangre, N., Silberfeld, A., Quinn (…)2026-04-13